Relative to body size, it is much bigger than the breast of the female gorilla and significantly bigger than the breast of the female chimp. Therefore, according to evolutionary theory, humans should be intermediate between gorillas and chimpanzees in respect both of promiscuity and polygamy.Īnother aspect of human anatomy in need of explanation is the size of the female breast. Relative to his body size, his penis and testicles are much larger than the gorilla's but not as large as those of the chimpanzee. The human male is slightly larger than the female. Under these circumstances natural selection would produce males with large penises and testicles. The male who inserts the most sperm in the female has the best chance of fertilising the egg in a situation where several males often copulate in quick succession with the same female. Male chimps therefore rely largely on their sperm rather than on physical strength and ferocity in order to compete with other chimps in the race to father offspring. Dominant males have more frequent, but not exclusive, access to females. Chimpanzee societies also have power pyramids, but they are more complex and "political" than with gorillas and orangutans. The male and female chimpanzee are of similar size. In his case a little penis and small testicles go a long way - surely the ultimate demonstration that size doesn't matter. The dominant ape, so the argument goes, doesn't need large genitalia producing lots of sperm in order to compete with the sperm coming from other apes. This evolutionary "arms race" escalated over time, producing massive males equipped with huge canines and prominent secondary sexual characteristics to attract mates.īut when you reach the top of the gorilla community-power ladder you have a relatively quiet life and pretty much uncontested access to all the females. The massive size of the male gorilla is interpreted to have resulted from competition among males for access to limited females, with natural selection favouring the evolutionary success of the largest, most powerful males. The male gorilla is much larger than the female, which is common across the animal kingdom in species that practice polygamy, i.e., where dominant males mate with multiple females. So how does evolutionary biology explain such marked differences in penis and testicle size? Let us look more closely at some arguments commonly used. The gorilla's flaccid penis is so demure that it is not readily visible. Testicle size, and the conspicuousness of the penis varies correspondingly. It measures 1.5 in an orangutan, three inches in a chimpanzee, and five inches in a man. To move on to some specific measurements, the average length of an erect penis in a gorilla is 1.25 in. But the truth is that, relative to his mass, the gorilla has a very small penis and small testicles compared to the male human.Īll of which prompts the question, posed in one publication in stark and vulgar form: "If the male gorilla is so big and tough, why are his balls so small?" Although not a matter that I ever pondered, I would have assumed the male gorilla to be handsomely endowed in genitalia.
0 Comments
The yield computed at the time of purchase (i.e., YTM) considers all three sources of return, including, coupon payments, capital gain/loss, and reinvestment income. The bond cannot be held to maturity, and may have to be sold for less than the purchase price because the interest rate required by the market is higher than the YTM.Future interest rates may be less than the YTM.However, in reality the YTM of a bond may not be realized because: YTM measures an investor's return from the bond correctly only if these assumptions are true. YTM can be viewed as a weighted average of the spot rates applying to the bond's cash flows. By trial and error or using a financial calculator, YTM is found to be 8%. The cash flows for this bond are (1) 4 payments every six months of $50, and (2) a payment 2 years from now of $1,000. The coupon reinvestment rate is the same as the YTM.įor example, consider a 10%, 2-year bond selling for $1,036.30 (selling at premium).The issuer does not default: All coupon and principal payments are made in full when due. The yield-to-maturity measures an investor's return from the bond correctly only if these assumptions are true: If the spot curve is downward sloping, the forward curve will lie below the spot curve. If the spot rate is increasing, so spot rate n is greater than spot rate n - 1, then forward rate must be above spot curve. You can think of the spot rate for a given maturity as a sort of average of the forward rates for all maturities up to and including the spot rate's maturity. The spot rate is the geometric mean of the forward rates. Similarly, we can calculate spot rates from forward rates. What is the forward rate starting 10 years from now, for 2 years? The spot rate is 5% for 10 years, and 6% for 12 years. (T*+T)= T* TĮd is considering a bond purchase but cannot decide if he wants to hold the bond for 10 years or 12 years. Given spot rates for maturities of T* and T* + T, we can compute the forward rate starting at T* for T: The value of the second choice after 2 years should be 1,000 x (1 + 0.08) x (1 + F(1,1)) = 1,210 soį(1,1) is the 1-year forward rate starting 1 year from now. The returns from the 2 choices should be the same. Invest in the 1-year bond, and again invest the proceeds after 1 year in a 1-year bond.The value of his investment after 2 years will be $1,000 x (1 + 0.1) 2 = $1,210 Let's say an investor wants to invest $1,000 for 2 years. In our example, P(1) = 0.92593, and P(2) = 0.82645Ī forward rate, f(T*, T), is the interest rate beginning some time in the future, T*, for a period of time T. P(T) = 1/(1+r(T) ) T is called the discount factor. Bond A is a 1-year bond and bond B is a 2-year bond. A spot rate, r(T), is the interest rate today for a specified period of time T.Ĭonsider two zero coupon bonds. Pick the hard-boiled option and let it sit for about an extra minute. If you like completely hard-boiled eggs, use the same strategy. This will allow the eggs to harden just a little bit more. This Dash is a pretty incredible hard-boiled egg cooker!įor soft medium-boiled eggs, pick the soft boiled setting and let them set for a few extra minutes once the eggs are done and the automatic shutoff timer has completely finished. Isn’t that incredible? You can have 16 hard-boiled eggs in just 16 minutes! Hard-Boiled eggs: 1-3 eggs will take about 12 minutes: 4-6 eggs will take about 16.Medium-boiled: 1-3 eggs will take about 9 minutes.Soft boiled eggs: 1-3 eggs will take about 7 minutes.In other words, a lot of water means that your Dash Egg Cooker will boil your eggs for a longer amount of time, thus giving you hard-cooked eggs. You fill up the Dash egg cooker with the amount of water that you need, and that will determine how long your eggs boil for, and therefore, what their consistency would be. The water measuring cup has three different lines – for soft, medium, and hard. It’s important for you to know that there’s no setting that you can mark in order to cook your eggs in different ways. The Rapid Egg Cooker is equipped with an automatic shutoff that turns the egg cooker off when the appliance has reached a certain temperature for a certain amount of time.Įggs that are extra-large may take a little bit longer to cook than the figures provided below. The times that are listed here are just guidelines to give you an idea of about how long your needs need to cook in the Rapid Egg Cooker in order to reach your desired consistency. Making Soft, Medium, and Hard-Boiled Egg in the Dash Egg Cooker Prot Tip – Taking out the cooked eggs and immediately soaking the eggs in cold ice water will stop the cooking process and make them much easier to peel. Remove the eggs – don’t use your hands, they’ll be hot!.When you hear the buzz, press the power button to turn off the buzzer and then you can lift the lid by using the handle.When the eggs are finished cooking, the appliance will buzz.Press the power button and it’ll automatically begin cooking.Cover the egg cooker with its lid and plug it in.Place your pierced eggs in their spots on the boiling tray – make sure that the punctured holes point up.Get your boiling tray handle and attach it to the boiling tray, and place it on the heating plate.Use the measuring cup to pour the appropriate amount of cold water directly onto the Dash egg cooker heating plate. Pierce the larger end of each egg with the pin that’s at the bottom of the measuring cup.
This set is compatible with all Magna-Tiles® sets so children can mix, match, and truly let their imaginations run wild. The Magna-Tiles® Clear Colors 100-Piece Set not only encourages learning but also ensures the safety of each child thanks to each piece’s robust construction.Ĭomprised of tough plastic, strong ceramic magnets, and stainless-steel rivets, our magnetic blocks are sonic welded to last for years to come.ĭurability aside, the vivid, fog-free colors of each transparent shape originate from high-quality, non-toxic dyes, with a finish resistant to scratches and dents. This set includes a mixture of squares and triangles so children can create anything they dream. Translucent and brightly colored pieces: Our magnetic shapes bear a striking resemblance to stained glass and are completely translucent, with vivid colors that won’t fade or become foggy over time. They’re also durable enough to withstand years of imaginative creativity, whether children play inside or outside. They’re also found in educational settings everywhere, fostering teamwork and problem-solving skills as well.ĭesigned with children in mind: Our easy-to-handle magnetic tiles are completely safe for children to enjoy, as they’re made with food-grade ABS plastic that’s BPA-free and contains no latex or phthalates. STEM-approved: Offering endless possibilities for young, imaginative thinkers, our STEM-approved magnetic blocks inspire hours of instruction-free playtime while helping children develop math, science, spatial, and tactile skills. Whether children work solo or with family members and friends to build a massive structure or recreate a favorite movie scene, they are guaranteed to have fun while learning fundamental skills and enjoying the following benefits: Take your child’s creativity to the next level with the Magna-Tiles® Clear Colors 100-Piece Set! Designed for ages three and up, these magnetic toys for kids spark hours of imaginative, unstructured play, allowing them to bring their dreams to life. Magna-Tiles® magnetic building sets designed to encourage off-screen imaginative free play and fuse science, math and creativity. Now all of a sudden it Only shows up in a totally different state and with exact name search. Is there something I could do to send signals to Google to show that I am in Matthews, NC?Ģ months ago my listing quit showing up at all unless you typed exact business name What could possibly cause my listing or Google to do this? I have been without my listing for a few months now and have NO calls coming in from it. If you search Locksmith Independence, KS it shows up on the maps. If you search Locksmith Matthews, NC my listing does not show up at all. Keep in mind the GMB is in Matthews, NC All my service areas and the actual map show the correct areas. Now if I search my business name under the auto populate I see it with Independence, KS on the listing. 21 results Magna-Tiles Jungle Animals Magna-Tiles 155 39.99 When purchased online Magna-Tiles Safari Animals Magna-Tiles 154 39.99 When purchased online MAGNA-TILES Clear Colors 37pc Set Magna-Tiles 329 59.99 When purchased online Magna-Tiles Arctic Animals Magna-Tiles 76 33.99 When purchased online MAGNA-QUBIX 29pc Set Magna-Tiles 200 29. I pretty much do not have any traffic, views or calls now. Posted about my SAB listing a few weeks ago about not showing up in search only when you entered the exact name. |